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Rather, these words should be classified as either "um" or "uh", and transcribed as such. The endings of these words are often prolonged, thus tempting transcribers to label it is "ummm". There seem to be two types, ones that sound like "uh" and ones that sound like "um". (1985).įilled Pauses Filled pauses are very common in natural dialogue. Where possible, we use the spelling from Quirk et al. This section discusses how such words should be transcribed. There are a number of words that are common in spoken dialogues that do not occur in written forms. For instance "four p.m." should be annotated as two words. The words "a.m." and "p.m." should be spelled as such. For instance, if a speaker says "104" as "one oh four", this is what should be transcribed, as three words.Įach component of a time, should be spell out in full. Numbers should be spelled out in full, as they are said. For instance, if the speaker says "Dansvull", and later corrects herself by saying "Dansville", then the first occurance should be spelt in a way that reflects the mispronunciation. Mispronounced words should in general be spelt correctly, unless the misspelling is needed in order to understand the subsequent dialogue. So, for the city "Corning", "Corn-" is not exceptable, but either "Corn(ing)-" or "corn-" is (the second case is where it is not clear to the transcriber that the speaker was going to say "Corning". In this case, the completion will be put in parentheses. However, we will transcribe them as two words "E" and "two'.Ī partial word should only be capitalized if its completion is clear, and that completion is a proper name. Engine names, such as "E2" are problematic, since they could be viewed as a proper name. When multiple sounds are emitting in a row, they should be transcribed as a single partial word, unless there is a perceptible silence in between the two sounds.Ĭapital letters should only be used to begin proper names, such as "Corning" and for the pronoun "I". The resulting sound should be transcribed as a partial word. Sometimes when a speaker is trying to interrupt the other person, she will start to say a word and then give up. For instance, in the above, it would be transcribed as "oran(ge)-". If the word that was cut off midstream, but the word that the speaker intended to say is obvious, then the rest of the word should be included in parentheses. For example "oran-" would label the word "orange" that was interrupted before the "g" sound. In cases when the word is recognizable but cut off, it should be labelled by spelling as much of the word as can be heard, followed by a dash. These include words that are so misspoken that the intended word is not recognizable. Disfluencies that are not identifiable words should be transcribed as they sound, with a dash, `-', at the end of the word. When possible, words should be transcribed using their standard spelling do not try to capture the way a word was spoken by modifying its normal spelling. These also need to be marked so that the duration of the first word can be computed. There is typically a silence or a breath at the beginning of an utterance file. Only silences that are perceptible should be transcribed.
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As with words, these are labelled at the end of the breath or silence, with a or, respectively. This includes breaths within the utterance, and noticeable silences, which disrupt the flow of speech. In order to capture word durations, we also mark other phenomena in the word layer. This will usually be at a trough in the amplitude of the speech signal. This should be the point that best separates the current word from the next so that when listening to each word individualy, there is a minimum of sound from the neighboring words. Each word is indicated at the ending point of the word in the speech signal using its orthographic spelling.
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words, which are associated with each utterance file. The words spoken are entered in ESPS annotation files that end in. Transcribing Dialogs, Including Non-words Transcribing Dialogs, Including Non-wordsįrom "The Trains 93 Dialogues: Trains Technical Note 94-2